Before the deposition on the Er:Al2O3 Lively material, the coupling circuit, i.e., the strip waveguides, the mode transition tapers plus the mode converters have been included having a 800 nm thick layer of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ, n ~1.45) to forestall their coating Using the active product, as proven in Fig. 1. The HSQ cladding was depo… Read More